Learn, Revise & Practice - Computer Awareness Com Interconnection of Units CPU sends data, instructionIs and information to the components inside the computer as well as to the peripheral devices attached to it. A bus is a set of wires used for interconnection, where each wire can carry one bit of data. In other words, bus is a set of electronic signal pathways that allows information and signals to travel between components inside or outside of a 14 Ins It rep Microprocessor t the controbng element in o computer systom and nomotimes referted to an the chip.
Microprocessor is the man hardware that drivea the computor It is a arge Printed Circult Board (PCB).
which is used in al oloctronic systems such as computer, calculator digital systen, etc The speed of CPLI depends upon the type of mioroprocessor used. Intel 4004 was the first microprocessor made by 1971 by scientist Ted Hal and engineer Federico Faggin. Some of the popul microprocessors are Intel, Intel core 7, Dual cora, Pentium N, otc. place exec computer
A computer bus can be divided into two types 1. Internal Bus The internal bus connects components inside the motherboard like CPU and system memory. It is also called the system bus. Internal bus includes following buses (i) The command to access the memory or the I/O devices is carried by the control bus.
A si step 1. Memory Unit This unit is responsible to store programs or data on a temporary or perimanent basis. It has primary memory (main memory) and secondary memory (auxiliary memory).
The address of I/O devices or memory is carried by the address bus. The data to be transferred is carried by the data bus. 2. External Bus It connects the different external devices; peripherals, expansion slots, I/O ports and drive connections to the rest of computer. It is also referred to as the expansion bus. Ina Another kind of memory is referred to as secondary memory of a computer system. This unit is used to permanently store data, programs and output. This unit does not deal directly with CPU. an ins Motherboard The main circuit board contained in any computer is called a motherboard
It is also known as the main board or logic board or system board or planar board. All the other electronic devices and circnits of computer system are attached to this board like, CPU, ROM, RAM, expansion slots, PCI siots and USB ports. It also includes controllers for devices like the hard driye, DVD drive, keyboard and mouse.
In other words, motherboard makes everything in a computer work together. Tit-Bits - UPS (Uninterruptible Power Supply), is an electrical apparatus that provides emergency power to a load when the input power source or mains power falls. - Buffer is a temporary storage where register holds the data for further execution Accumulator is a register in a CPU in vwhich intermediate arithmetic and logic results are stored An unitorm interval of CPU time allocated for use in performing a task is known as time slice.
The speed of processor is measured in millions f aycles per second or megahertz (MHz by clock Components on Motherboard Various components on motherboard are as follows (i) CMOS Battery (i) Fan (ii) BIOS Chip (iv) Expansion Slot speed DMA (Direct Memory Access) is a method that allows an input/output device to send or receive data directly to or from the main memory, by passing the CPU to speed up memory operations.
COMPUTER HARDWARE Computer hardware refers to the physical components of a computer that can be seen and touched by the user. By the use of these hardware devices, it made very easy for the computer for processing its data, store and retrieve. Hardware is one of the basic and necessary parts of a computer system. Input Devices An input device can be defined as an electro mechanical device that allows the user to feed data into the computer for analysis and storage and to give commands to the computer. The data is entered into the main memory through the input devices.
The data is entered into the main memory through the input devices. They accept instructions from the user and convert the accepted instructions into the machine language. Some of the commonly used input devices are keyboard, mouse, trackball, joystick, light pen, touch screen, barcode reader, OMR, OCR, MICR, smart card reader, biometric sensor, scanner, Mic, web cam, PC card etc which are deseribed below.
Keyboard It is one of the most common input devices. The user can type text and command using this device. The layout of the keyboard was borrowed from the regular typewriter with some additional keys.
Keyboard is used to eriter data or information in a computer system, which may be in numeric form or alphabetic form. When key is pressed, keyboard interacts with a keyboard controller and keyboard buffer. Keyboard controller stores the code of pressed key in keyboard buffer. There are different types of keyboard such as QWERTY, DVORAK and AZERTY. Function Keys Alphanumeric Keys Cursor Control Numeric Keys keypad Keyboard
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